Practice 1. Structure & Written Expression
Part A: Structure
Instructions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The North Pole _________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.
Explanation: (D) is correct. Simple sentence structure: Subject + Verb.
2. _________ distinct heritage groups, the city is known for its cultural diversity.
Explanation: (B) is correct. This is a participial phrase modifying the subject.
3. In the human body, the pituitary gland is the master gland, _________ it controls the functions of other glands.
Explanation: (B) is correct. “Because” introduces a full clause explaining a cause.
4. Not only _________ among the most intelligent animals, but they also have complex social structures.
Explanation: (A) is correct. Negative inversion is required by the phrase “Not only.”
5. The higher the kinetic energy of a gas, _________ the temperature of that gas.
Explanation: (A) is correct. Parallel structure: “The + comparative…, the + comparative…”.
Part B: Written Expression
Instructions: Identify the ONE underlined word or phrase that must be changed.
6. The invent (A) of the steam engine was (B) the key factor (C) that initiated (D) the Industrial Revolution.
Error: (A). It must be the noun “invention,” not the verb “invent.”
7. Mumps (A) are (B) a contagious (C) disease that affects the salivary (D) glands.
Error: (B). “Mumps” is a singular noun (name of a disease), so the verb must be “is.”
8. The professor was (A) pleased with (B) the student’s progress, yet (C) he thought the final paper could have been more better (D) written.
Error: (D). Redundancy. “Better” is already a comparative; “more” is unnecessary.
9. Despite (A) of the traffic (B), we managed (C) to arrive at the airport (D) on time.
Error: (A). “Despite” never takes “of.” Use either “In spite of” or simply “Despite.”
10. Many people believe that (A) mathematics is (B) the most difficult subject, but for others (C) it is the most easy (D).
Error: (D). The superlative form of “easy” is “easiest.”
Practice 2. Structure and Written Expression
Part A: Structure
Instructions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The Amazon River, _________ flows through several South American countries, is the largest river in the world by volume.
Explanation: (B) is correct. A relative pronoun (“which”) is required to introduce a descriptive clause about an object or place.
2. _________ the heavy snowstorm, the university decided to cancel all evening classes.
Explanation: (C) is correct. “Due to” is a prepositional phrase used to show cause and must be followed by a noun or noun phrase (“the heavy snowstorm”).
3. Rarely _________ such a beautiful sunset in the desert regions of the north.
Explanation: (B) is correct. When a sentence begins with a negative adverb like “Rarely,” you must use **Inversion** (Auxiliary + Subject + Verb).
4. The more complex a mathematical problem becomes, _________ it is to find a single solution.
Explanation: (A) is correct. This follows the double comparative structure: “The + comparative, the + comparative.”
5. Having finished the research project, _________ submitted the final report to the committee.
Explanation: (C) is correct. This is a dangling participle. The subject of the introductory phrase (“Having finished”) must be the same as the subject of the main clause.
Part B: Written Expression
Instructions: Identify the ONE underlined word or phrase that must be changed.
6. The discovery (A) of gold in California in 1848 result (B) in a massive (C) migration to the West (D).
Error: (B). It must be in the past tense (“resulted”) because it refers to a specific historical event in 1848.
7. Modern computers (A) are capable (B) of perform (C) billions of calculations (D) per second.
Error: (C). After the preposition “of,” the verb must be in the gerund form (“performing”).
8. Each (A) of the student (B) in the class must (C) submit a final (D) project.
Error: (B). The expression “Each of the…” requires a plural noun (“students”).
9. Despite (A) the weather was (B) cold, they decided (C) to go for a walk (D).
Error: (A). “Despite” is a preposition. Since there is a full clause (subject + verb: “weather was”), “Although” or “Even though” should be used.
10. The manager asked (A) the employees to complete (B) the task as quick (C) as possible (D).
Error: (C). An adverb is needed to modify the verb “complete.” It should be “quickly.”
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